{"id":627,"date":"2023-11-30T18:35:14","date_gmt":"2023-11-30T18:35:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/?p=627"},"modified":"2023-11-30T18:35:15","modified_gmt":"2023-11-30T18:35:15","slug":"page-121","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/?p=627","title":{"rendered":"Page 121"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Depending on the number of carbon atoms they are trioses, tetroses,<br>pentoses, hexoses, heptoses and octoses. All monosaccharides, called<br>also simple sugars, are colourless crystal substances easily soluble in<br>water, most of them sweet to the taste.<br>Natural monosaccharides (with the exception of dihydroxyacetone)<br>possess optical activity expressed in turning polarized light to the right or to<br>the left. This phenomenon is due to the asymmetric carbon atoms in their<br>molecules. For example the triose glyceraldehyde has three carbon atoms,<br>and only one of them is asymmetric. It exists in two different stereoisomers<br>\u2014 D-right and L-left form (see Fig. 1\u20131). A hexose with four asymmetric<br>carbon atoms can have 16 isomers (2\u2074=16).<br>The pentoses ribose and deoxyribose (Fig. 2\u201348) participate as<br>components in the nucleotides \u2014 the basic building block of the RNA and<br>DNA molecules. That determines their biological importance compared to<br>the other monosaccharides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"662\" height=\"316\" src=\"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-38.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-632\" style=\"width:996px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-38.png 662w, https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-38-300x143.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 662px) 100vw, 662px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-verse has-text-align-center\">Figure 2\u201348. Structural formulas of the pentoses ribose and \r\ndeoxyribose, participating in nucleic acids. \r\nA \u2014 \u03b2-D-ribose, a component of RNA; B \u2014 \u03b2-D-2-deoxyribose, a \r\ncomponent of DNA.<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Among the hexoses glucose and fructose (Fig. 2\u201349) are most spread<br>in nature. Both sugars have the same formula (C\u2076H\u00b9\u00b2O\u2076), but the one is<br>aldose, and the other \u2014 ketose. Glucose is the main product of<br>photosynthesis. As a result of a number of consecutive redox processes<br>during the dark phase it is transformed into different carbohydrate<br>derivatives used to meet the energetic needs of the cells and in<br>synthesizing different organic components (see Chapter 1, Metabolism).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Depending on the number of carbon atoms they are trioses, tetroses,pentoses, hexoses, heptoses and octoses. All monosaccharides, calledalso simple sugars, are colourless crystal substances easily soluble inwater, most of them sweet to the taste.Natural monosaccharides (with the exception of dihydroxyacetone)possess optical activity expressed in turning polarized light to the right or tothe left. This phenomenon [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-627","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-book"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/627","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=627"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/627\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":633,"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/627\/revisions\/633"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=627"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=627"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=627"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}