{"id":718,"date":"2023-12-06T20:05:44","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T20:05:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/?p=718"},"modified":"2023-12-06T20:05:45","modified_gmt":"2023-12-06T20:05:45","slug":"page-157","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/?p=718","title":{"rendered":"Page 157"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Figure 2\u201380. Pyrimidine dimers. <\/pre>\n\n\n\n
The mutation changes in chromosomes can be highly varied \u2014 from
changes in nucleotide composition and mistakes in binding the bases in
DNA to great structural transformations in them. These changes are
caused by different reasons, a lot of them being unclear. Some of them are
the already mentioned ionizing radiations and chemical mutagens. Among
the latter a special place is held by the alkylating compounds, some of them
known as supermutagens<\/strong> (Table 9).
The mechanisms of action of alkylating compounds are complex. They
cause various genetic changes \u2014 transitions, transversions, chromosome
aberrations, etc. It is accepted that these substances express their
mutagenic effect in two different ways. The one is a direct formation of
\u201cincorrect\u201d nucleotide pairs, and the other \u2014 alkylation of DNA-bases at
different positions through free radicals, like methyl (\u23afCH\u2083), ethyl (\u23afC\u2082H\u2085),
propyl (\u23afC\u2083H\u2087), etc. In vitro<\/em> alkylation has shown a preference to guanine
in 7th position (Lawley, 1966), while in vivo<\/em> \u2014 great is the role of oxygen
atoms in 4th position for thymine and in the 6th for guanine (Auerbach,
1976; Singer, 1976).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Figure 2\u201380. Pyrimidine dimers. The mutation changes in chromosomes can be highly varied \u2014 fromchanges in nucleotide composition and mistakes in binding the bases inDNA to great structural transformations in them. These changes arecaused by different reasons, a lot of them being unclear. Some of them arethe already mentioned ionizing radiations and chemical mutagens. Amongthe […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-718","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-book"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/718","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=718"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/718\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":722,"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/718\/revisions\/722"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=718"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=718"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=718"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}