{"id":784,"date":"2023-12-07T23:10:00","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T23:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/?p=784"},"modified":"2024-02-12T21:53:32","modified_gmt":"2024-02-12T21:53:32","slug":"page-189","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/?p=784","title":{"rendered":"Page 189"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">the two groups of daughter chromosomes. The spiral chromatin<br>despiralizes, the nucleolus appears and mitosis is accompliched.<br><strong>Cytokinesis.<\/strong> The preparation of cytokinesis begins as early as during<br>the late anaphase or during telophase. A concavity appears on the cell<br>membrane, a furrow is formed, gradually it wedges into the cell and divides<br>the cytoplasm. As a result, two daughter cells are formed. During<br>cytokinesis the cell organelles of newly formed cells are also formed.<br>Cytological pictures of mitotic division in plant and animal cell are given<br>in Figures 3\u201312 and 3\u201313.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>image<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-verse has-text-align-center\">Figure 3-12. Mitotic division of cells from the root tip of onion (Allium \r\ncepa). (After Dubinin, 1976). \r\nA \u2014 interphase: all chromosomes are despiralized; in phase S, i.e. \r\nsynthesis of DNA, an autoreproduction of the chromosomes occurs. B, C, \r\nD, E \u2014 prophase of the mitosis: each chromosome represents two \r\nchromatids; a condensation of chromosomes occurs through their package \r\nand spirallization; the nuclear envelope disappear and the division spindle \r\nappears (E). F, G \u2014 metaphase: the chromosomes settle down on the \r\nequatorial plane; the two chromatids in each chromosome are still \r\nconnected through centromeres. H, I \u2014 anaphase: separation of the new \nchromosomes (former chromatids) after dividing the centromeres. J \u2014 \r\ntelophase: forming a cell barrier between the two daughter cells begins. K, L \r\n\u2014 formation of two daughter cells with equal sets of chromosomes. <\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>image<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-verse has-text-align-center\">Figure 3-13. Mitotic division in a typical animal cell (of fish). (Courtesy of \r\nJ. D. Pickett-Heaps; From Alberts et al., 1986). \r\n(A) Interphase: the cell centre, where the centrioles are located, is small \r\nin size and separated from the nucleus. (B) Early prophase: the cell \r\ncentre is doubled and approaches the nucleus; the number of \r\nmicrotubules coming out of it has increased. (C) Middle prophase: the \r\ntwo distant from each other stars settle down around the nuclear \r\nsurface. (D) Prometaphase: the nuclear envelope is destroyed and the \r\nfibres of spindle already interact with the chromosomes. (E) Metaphase: \r\nthe bipolar structure of the spindle is clearly seen; all chromosomes are \r\nsettled down on its equatorial plane. (F) Anaphase: simultaneously (as \r\n\u201cat the order\u201d) chromatids move to the poles, carried by the fibres. (G) \r\nEarly telophase: the chromatids are located on the poles, and the \r\ndividing furrow (shown by arrows) divides the spindle and shortens the \r\ndistance between the chromatids. (H) Telophase: completed formation of \r\nthe daughter nuclei, though they are still compact; almost completed \r\ncytokinesis; the residual small body is kept between the daughter nuclei. <\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Sometimes mitosis is realized with a slow cytokinesis characterized by multiple<br>division of the nucleus and after undefinite time a dividing of the cell occurs. Thus<br>multinuclear cells are formed, as are the cases with symplasts of plant and animal<br>organisms, HeLa cells, etc. This question will be considered further.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>the two groups of daughter chromosomes. The spiral chromatindespiralizes, the nucleolus appears and mitosis is accompliched.Cytokinesis. The preparation of cytokinesis begins as early as duringthe late anaphase or during telophase. A concavity appears on the cellmembrane, a furrow is formed, gradually it wedges into the cell and dividesthe cytoplasm. As a result, two daughter cells [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-784","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-book"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/784","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=784"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/784\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":807,"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/784\/revisions\/807"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=784"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=784"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cellandcelldivision.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=784"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}